HPV Vaccine & Cervical Cancer in the Philippines: Who Should Get It, Where & Which Tests You Need

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among Filipino women, and the Department of Health has reported that about 12 Filipino women die from it every day. Yet it is also one of the most preventable cancers. Almost all cases are caused by long-lasting infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), and vaccination and regular screening both lower the risk.

What Is HPV?

HPV is a very common virus spread through sexual and intimate skin-to-skin contact. Most infections have no symptoms and clear up on their own. Some high-risk types can stay in the body for years and slowly change cells in the cervix, which can eventually turn into cancer. HPV is also linked to genital warts and to some other cancers in both women and men.

Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?

• Girls aged 9 to 14 are the main priority, because the vaccine works best before any exposure to the virus.
• Teens and young adults who were not vaccinated should talk to a doctor about catching up.
• Adults may still benefit, depending on age and past exposure. Vaccine labels commonly extend into the 40s, so ask your doctor what suits you.
• Boys and men can also be vaccinated with some brands. Ask your doctor which ones are available.

If you are already sexually active, you can still get the vaccine, since it may protect you against HPV types you have not had. It does not treat an existing infection. If you are pregnant, the vaccine is usually postponed until after you give birth.

How Many Doses Do You Need?

Schedules depend on the brand, your age, and your doctor's advice. Generally:

• Ages 9 to 14: commonly 2 doses, several months apart
• Age 15 and older: commonly 3 doses over about 6 months
• People with weakened immune systems: usually 3 doses

Common side effects are a sore arm, mild fever, headache, and dizziness. Some people feel faint after any injection, so stay seated for about 15 minutes afterward.

Where to Get the HPV Vaccine

Free at school: The DOH and DepEd offer HPV vaccination through the school-based Bakuna Eskwela program, which targets Grade 4 girls in public schools. Watch for the consent form from your child's school, and ask your barangay health center about catch-up options.

Private: Older teens and adults can usually get the vaccine from an OB-GYN, pediatrician, or family medicine doctor, or at hospital vaccination clinics and some pharmacies. Call ahead to confirm which brand is in stock, and read our guide to consultation fees to prepare for your visit.

Warning Signs of Cervical Cancer

Early cervical cancer often has no symptoms, which is why screening matters. See an OB-GYN promptly if you have:

• Bleeding after sex
• Bleeding between periods, or any bleeding after menopause
• Unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain or pain during sex

These symptoms often have other causes, but they should always be checked.

Which Screening Test Should You Ask For?

Vaccinated women still need screening, because the vaccine does not cover every high-risk HPV type. The main tests are:

• HPV DNA test: looks for high-risk HPV. The Philippine Health Technology Assessment Council recommended it for women aged 30 to 65, every 5 years.
• VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid): a provider applies a vinegar solution and checks the cervix. It was recommended every 3 years for women aged 30 to 65 where HPV testing is not yet available.
• Pap smear: cells from the cervix are checked under a microscope. It is widely offered by OB-GYNs and laboratories.

Women at higher risk, such as those living with HIV, may need to start earlier, and your OB-GYN may advise a different schedule based on your history. Ask your barangay health center or rural health unit what screening is available near you.

What if Your Result Is Abnormal?

An abnormal result does not mean you have cancer. Many changes are mild and go away on their own, while others can be treated before they ever become cancer. Your OB-GYN may repeat the test or recommend a colposcopy, a closer look at the cervix. The important thing is not to skip the follow-up.

Which Doctor Should You See?

An OB-GYN can give the vaccine, do your screening, and explain your results. If it is your first visit, our guide to your first OB-GYN appointment tells you what to expect. For girls, a pediatrician can give the vaccine too. You may also want to read about breast cancer screening.

Find an OB-GYN or find a pediatrician near you on MyDoktor.ph.