PCOS in the Philippines: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Getting Pregnant

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal conditions in women of reproductive age. The World Health Organization estimates that it affects about 8 to 13% of women in this age group, and many of them do not know they have it. PCOS looks different from person to person, so only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis. This guide explains the basics to help you prepare for that visit.

Common Signs and Symptoms

• Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods, or very long cycles
• Excess hair growth on the face, chest, or back
• Persistent acne or oily skin
• Thinning hair on the scalp
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight, although many women with PCOS are not overweight
• Darker, velvety skin patches on the neck, armpits, or groin

Having one or more of these signs does not mean you have PCOS. Other conditions, such as thyroid problems, can cause similar symptoms, which is why a proper check-up matters.

Why Does PCOS Happen?

The exact cause is not fully understood. PCOS often runs in families and is linked to higher levels of androgens (hormones often thought of as "male" hormones, which women also produce) and to insulin resistance, where the body does not respond well to insulin. These hormone changes can interfere with regular ovulation.

How Doctors Diagnose PCOS

There is no single test for PCOS. In adults, doctors commonly use criteria that require at least two of the following, after ruling out other conditions:

• Irregular or absent ovulation, which usually shows up as irregular periods
• Signs of high androgens, seen as symptoms such as excess hair or acne, or found in blood tests
• Ovaries with many small follicles on ultrasound, or certain hormone test results

Your doctor may ask about your periods and family history, do a physical exam, and order blood tests (for example hormone levels, thyroid function, blood sugar, and cholesterol) and possibly a pelvic or transvaginal ultrasound. Note that despite the name, the "cysts" in PCOS are usually small follicles and are generally not harmful in themselves. Diagnosis in teenagers follows different rules, because irregular periods can be normal in the first years after menstruation starts.

It helps to track your periods for a few months before your appointment and bring a list of your symptoms and any medicines you take. If it is your first visit, read our guide to your first OB-GYN appointment.

Treatment Options to Discuss With Your Doctor

There is no cure for PCOS, but symptoms can usually be managed. Treatment depends on your symptoms and goals, such as regular periods, clearer skin, or pregnancy. Options your doctor may discuss include:

• Lifestyle changes: balanced meals, regular physical activity, and good sleep. For women who are overweight, even modest weight loss may help improve cycles and other symptoms.
• Hormonal medicines to regulate periods and reduce acne or excess hair
• Medicines that improve insulin sensitivity, in some cases
• Ovulation-inducing medicines or other fertility treatment for women trying to conceive
• Skin and hair treatments, sometimes together with a dermatologist

All of these medicines should only be taken with a doctor's prescription and follow-up. Be careful with supplements and "PCOS cures" sold online, since claims are often not backed by good evidence. Ask your doctor before trying them.

Can You Get Pregnant With PCOS?

Yes, many women with PCOS get pregnant, some naturally and some with medical help. Because ovulation may be irregular, it can take longer. If you are trying to conceive, it is reasonable to see a doctor earlier rather than waiting, especially if your periods are very irregular or absent. An OB-GYN or a specialist in reproductive endocrinology and infertility can check for other factors and explain your options. During pregnancy, women with PCOS may need closer monitoring, for example for gestational diabetes. See our pregnancy checklist for what to expect at prenatal visits.

Long-Term Health: Why Follow-Up Matters

PCOS is linked to a higher risk of some long-term conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and changes in the lining of the uterus when periods are very infrequent. Anxiety and depression are also more common, and they deserve care too. Regular check-ups help catch these early. Read more about mental health support if you are struggling.

When to See a Doctor

• Your periods are irregular, very far apart, or have stopped (and you are not pregnant)
• You have new excess hair growth, severe acne, or hair loss
• You have been trying to get pregnant without success
• You have very heavy or prolonged bleeding. Seek urgent care if you feel faint or dizzy.

Which Doctor Should You See?

An OB-GYN is usually the first doctor to see for PCOS. An endocrinologist can help with insulin resistance, blood sugar, and other hormone concerns, and a dermatologist can help with skin and hair symptoms.

Find an OB-GYN or find an endocrinologist near you on MyDoktor.ph.